Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in Sweden and the number is constantly growing. One lump or lump in or around the breast is the most common sign of cancer. Early detection increases the possibility of curing the disease. Surgery combined with radiotherapy is a method for treating breast cancer.
Breast cancer usually begins with a tumor develops in one breast. It can feel like a lump. Certain types of breast cancer can spread and form metastases, ie metastases in other parts of the body.

Many women with breast cancer will be healthy.

The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age. The disease is uncommon before age 40. Breast cancer can be hereditary, but in most cases is not known why.

Breast cancer is also available in men, most of those affected are 60-70 years of age or older. Male breast cancer is extremely rare and represent less than one percent of breast cancers.
Two types of breast cancer

There are two types of breast cancer:
Carcinoma
Cancer tumors occur most often in the breast duct and in the internal, dairy section. Cancers arising in these parts of the breast are called carcinomas. Carcinoma may gradually spread to other parts of the body. This is the most common form of breast cancer.
Sarcoma

Another type of breast cancer, sarcoma, which arises in the breast supporting tissue. It can spread via the bloodstream to the body’s other organs. One percent of breast cancer cases are sarcomas, carcinomas are the rest.

Symptoms
The most common sign of breast cancer is the formation of a bump or lump in or around the breast, for example, in the armpit. Changes in breast shape and appearance, or a withdrawal of the skin on the chest in a limited area may also occur. The nipple can be drawn inwards or otherwise altered. Bloody discharge from the nipple may also be an early symptom.

Many breast cancers are detected in a mammography. Through regular surveys can detect breast cancer at an early stage.
Prevention

The possibility of curing breast cancer is greater the earlier the diagnosis is made. It is therefore very important that you each month examines your breasts for lumps, nodules or other changes. The best way to examine your breasts is to lather them with circular movements gently feel through the glandular tissue with your fingers. It is easiest to find any changes if you stretch the arm at the side to investigate.

By examining your breasts regularly teaches you to know them and can easily detect any changes.

Ask for advice
Have questions about cancer, call Cancer Enlightenment on telephone 08-517 766 00. You can also visit them in Radiumhemmet large entrance hall, Karolinska University Hospital Solna. This statement is supported by Cancer Radiumhemmet Research Fund.

If you have symptoms and are unsure how to do this around the clock, you can ask a nurse via the internet and get a personal response within two hours by logging into My care contacts. This may answer all who ask.

You can also round the clock to talk to a nurse and get advice, call the Health Guide on telephone 08-320 100th Those responsible can even tell who is your family doctor.
In other languages

* For advice in Arabic, call 08-528 528 38.
* For advice on the Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian, call 08-528 528 96.

Find Care
* Turn to your GP or a breast hosting if you find lumps, nodules or other changes in your breast.
* Women between 40 and 69 years in Stockholm County convened regularly to mammography screening, namely X-ray examination of the breasts.

Address and phone number of a kind reception you can find by clicking on the links below Receptions upper right. You can also contact some receptions and order a time via the Internet. Click on My care contacts on the right.

Survey
To see if you have breast cancer are multiple investigations, including mammography and examination of cell samples from the tumor. If a lump or bump is detected at mammography are sometimes tissue specimens by puncture with a needle.

Physicians need to know what kind of tumor it is, how big it is and how it grows to be able to choose treatment. A tissue sample (biopsy) taken from the tumor to find out what kind of tumor this is. In the treatment of breast cancer is always sample from the lymph nodes in the armpit. If the tumor cells spread to the lymph nodes influences the choice of treatment.

Treatment
In breast cancer surgery often the only part of the breast where the tumor is located. This method is used if the tumor is not larger than 3-4 centimeters in diameter. Intervention is usually combined with radiotherapy for the portion of the breast that remains.

The entire breast surgically removed if the tumor is too large or if there are tumors in several parts of the breast. If the tumor in the breast is large or if the tumor cells spread to the lymph nodes is often cytotoxic (chemotherapy) for three to four months before surgery is done.

Sometimes, breast surgery, even if it is a benign tumor. When a minor surgery locally in the chest – it does not remove the entire breast. That it operates off a benign lump may be due to mammograms and cell samples are not completely safe demonstrated that cells of the tuber is healthy. When operating in order to be on the safe side. It also happens to be operating out benign nodules of a type which, over time, tend to grow bigger, to avoid future uncertainty and new samples. A third reason to remove a benign lump, the patient is restless and myself wish to remove it.

All women who undergo breast surgery in which the entire breast is removed may be able to choose an external prosthesis or a new breast in surgical means. There are several different methods to reconstruct the breast, which can sometimes be directly associated with the first operation. Breast surgeon will then work with a plastic surgeon for the bypass.

Previously, approximately one in ten women who had surgery for breast cancer after surgery known as lymphedema in the operated side arm. In lymphedema, it is important that treatment be provided with compression and massage by specially trained physical therapist. In this way, the symptoms of swelling usually be contained in an effective manner.

With the surgical techniques currently used are only one or two lymph node from his armpit. If the gland is healthy is the prejudice to the armpit so small that the risk of lymphedema is insignificant. If the lymph node analysis, however turns out to be affected by cancer will be interference in the armpit of the same type as before, that is, removing a greater number of lymph nodes.

Aftercare
After the operation is often needed medical radiation or chemotherapy (chemotherapy), antibodies or hormonal drugs to reduce the risk that the tumor comes back. Often a combination of several different kinds of treatment. The risk of relapse is greatest during the first few years. After surgery and any other treatment is therefore recommended that women who have had breast cancer that regularly make visits and mammograms.

How to remove the remnants of cancer cells? Cancer treatment is usually still have cancer cells in the body that are not killed. Now a research to find vaccines for cancer treatment. Found that the vaccine is a medicine that can eliminate the remnants of cancer cells, especially in patients with CML (Chronic myeloid Leukemia)

This vaccine can help some patients with CML who took the drug Gleevec. But the researchers revealed that the results of this research is still tentative or not yet reached the final.

This research is funded by the National Institutes of Health and led by Dr. Hyam Levitsky, a professor yaiu oncology, medicine and urology from the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center in Baltimore, Maryland. The results of this research has appeared in the journal Clinical Cancer Research.

Gleevec drug marketed by Novartis as Gleevec in the U.S. and Glivec in Europe and Australia, is one of the targeted cancer drugs successfully treat patients with CML.

These drugs are destroying most of the cancer cells, but for certain patients the cancer cells can still be detected by using a sensitive molecular test. The remaining cancer cells can cause the growth of the cancer returning.

Researchers explain the majority of patients with CML in the Gleevec should consume most of his life, although approximately 90 percent of patients get relief. But about 10-15 percent of patients can not tolerate for long-term use.

“Often patients with CML have blood cell count is low, fluid retention, significant nausea and other digestive problems,” said Dr B Douglas Smith of Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, as quoted from Medicalnewstoday, Friday (8/1/2010).

Levitsky disclose this vaccine is made to shine CML cells that do not turn into cancer. After that change the genetic material of these cells to produce immune system stimulators known as GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) is a substance that can help make white blood cells a particular type.

These cells will also carry antigens that would destroy the CML cells are still circulating in the body. Researchers involving 19 CML patients who were given the vaccine. All patients measured by its level of CML cells and have been taking Gleevec for more than 12 months. Patients are given the vaccine with 4 times the chance of 10 shots in every opportunity.

Cells acquired the remaining cancer has decreased, ie 12 patients found to reach the lowest levels of the cancer cells remaining, and 7 other people is not detected at all remaining cancer cells in the body.

But the researchers realized that the study is still limited, such as the limited number of patients and the lack of comparison with other therapies.

Because it still needs further research to ensure that this vaccine can actually lower the cancer cells that remain. The test was conducted also showed side effects such as pain at the injection site, swelling, sometimes pain in the muscles and a mild fever.

A team of researchers has discovered that a blood transfusion “young”,  blood that has been stored within nine days, raising hopes of survival in animals suffering from two types of cancer. This could solve the ancient mystery of why some blood applied during surgery related to cancer appear to lead to increased repair of the disease, whereas others do not seem to cause transfusion this undesirable change.

Using an animal model, researchers did some tests with rats with leukemia and breast cancer. Found that the chances of surviving cancer could be seen reduced only if the transfusion, the blood had been stored for nine or more days.

Prof. Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu of the University of Tel Aviv was felt that this study would not change the practices of surgeons in hospitals, but definitely if it was something that needed to be investigated more thoroughly in clinical studies with humans. He also objected that this discovery could have a profound impact on survival with prostate cancer and colon cancer associated with two major blood loss. If this discovery during the investigation also shows the trials with humans, this revolutionary

the current perspective on transfusions in cancer patients.

The idea that blood transfusions with “old” may increase cancer metastasis is controversial. Negative effects could be limited to certain types of cancer in particular, or even in special circumstances. Therefore, we recommend more research on this.

If the results suggest that the study of Ben-Eliyahu was demonstrated as true in humans, this would represent a significant impact on public health systems. Typically, blood banks of several countries face critical deficiency reserves liquid, and a preferred use and higher blood would be even more difficult to ensure the availability of this.

Like parts of another body, the brain can be affected by tumors or cancer. The difference is, if the other body parts sometimes benign tumors do not interfere and harmless, benign tumors in the brain also can be very disturbing and endangering lives.

A large part of the brain that the body has a regulatory function different makes tumors and brain cancer have a very varied symptoms. Symptoms that appear depend on which part of the brain tumors arise.

Dr. Japardi Iskandar explains common symptoms of cancer and brain tumors are as follows:

General cerebral symptoms
May be mild mental changes (psychomotor asthenia), which can be perceived by the patient’s family include: irritability, emotional instability, forgetfulness, slowing of mental and social activities, loss of initiative and spontaneity, may be found anxiety and depression. These symptoms went progressive and can be found in 2 / 3 cases.

Head Pain
An estimated 1% cause headache is a brain tumor and 30% of a brain tumor early symptoms are sore head. Meanwhile, more symptoms were found 70% of cases. The nature of head pain varies from mild and episodic to severe and throbbing, typically gain weight at night and on waking in the morning and in the circumstances which occur high intracranial pressure elevation. The existence of headache with psychomotor asthenia have suspected a brain tumor.

Vomiting
There are at 30% of cases and generally meyertai headache. More often found in tumors in the posterior fossa, most are projectile vomiting and was accompanied by nausea.

Seizures
Seizures can be a revival of the early symptoms of brain tumors in 25% of cases, and more than 35% of cases at an advanced stage. An estimated 2% of the rise of seizures are a brain tumor.
Need suspected cause is the rise of a brain tumor seizure if:
- Rise of the first seizure at the age of more than 25 years
- Experiencing post iktal paralysis
- Experiencing the status of epilepsy
- Resistant to epilepsy drugs
- Resurrection is accompanied by symptoms of other intracranial high pressure.
Seizures rise 70% found in brain tumors in the cortex, 50% of patients with astrositoma, 40% in patients with meningioma, and 25% in glioblastoma multiforme.

Symptoms of High intracranial pressure (TTIK)
Form of headache complaints in the frontal and occipital areas that arise in the morning and evening, projectile vomiting and decreased awareness. On examination found papil udem. This situation needs immediate action because each threat can occur when herniation. Moreover, it can be found by parese N. VI VI by teregangnya N. TTIK. Tumors often give TTIK symptoms without focal symptoms or lateralisasi is meduloblatoma, spendimoma of ventricle III, haemangioblastoma cerebellum, and craniopharingioma.
In addition to the above general symptoms there specific symptoms based on the location and function of the brain that was attacked. Include:

Frontal lobe tumors:
- Changes in behavior and personality
- Reduction in the ability assess something
- Decrease the power of smell
- Decrease memory
- Paralysis on one side of the body
- The decline of mental function / cognitive
- Reduction of vision and eye nerve inflammation

Tumors in the parietal lobe:
- Reduction in the ability to speak
- Not able to write
- Not able to recognize someone
- Seizure
- Disorientation space

Tumors in the occipital lobe:
- Loss of vision in one or both eyes
- Seizure

Temporal lobe tumors:
- Reduction in the ability to speak
- Seizure
- Sometimes no symptoms at all
Posterior fossa tumors:
- Disturbance walk
- head Pain
- Vomiting
Tumors in Cerebello Pontin Angie:
- Hearing loss

Brain stem tumors:
- Changes in behavior and emotional (more sensitive, easily offended)
- It’s hard to talk and swallow
- Drowsiness
- Headache, especially in the morning
- Loss of hearing
- The weakness of the nerves on one side of the face
- The weakness of the nerves on one side of the body
- Uncontrollable Movement
- Loss of vision, the eyelids closed, crossed, etc..
- Vomiting

Brain tumors in the membrane:
- Headache
- Loss of hearing
- Disturbance talk
- Inkontinensi (inability to control urination / large)
- Mental and emotional disturbances (apathy, anarchists, etc.)
- Drowsiness prolonged
- Seizure
- Loss of vision

Pituitary gland tumors:
- Stopping of menstruation (amenorrhea)
- Producing milk
- Impotence
Tumors in the hypothalamus:
- Disorders of sexual development in children
- Little
- Stopping of menstruation (amenorrhea)
- Fluid and electrolyte disorders
Tumors in the ventricle:
- Hydrocephalus
- Stiff neck
- Head tilted
- Sudden head pain
- Blurred vision
- The decline of consciousness

Despite having one or more symptoms as above only, not necessarily a tumor or brain cancer. To ensure that need to be direct examination by a specialist (surgeon) nerve and further investigation such as CT scans, MRI, angiogram, myelogram, spinal tap, and biopsy.